Analysis Of Haley Jo Hyde s The Red Cliff Indian...

Ask Haley Jo Hyde, 19, what makes her empathetic, and she ll mention her childhood on Wisconsin s Red Cliff Indian Reservation or her struggles leaving an abusive relationship. Talk to Nick Thompson, 37, and he ll refer to the challenges he overcame to enroll in college as a nontraditional student. A Moving Target Say the word empathy around social workers and most will recognize it as a professional must-have, even if they can t tell you exactly what it means. Scholars also disagree about the definition of empathy and what it looks like in social work practice. According to some, empathy occurs when a person takes on the feelings of another—the sadness of losing a loved one or the joy of landing a job—as if sharing that experience. Indeed, the Social Work Dictionary defines empathy as the act of perceiving, understanding, experiencing, and responding to the emotional state and ideas of another person (Barker, 2003). Others separate empathy into its cognitive and affec tive forms, that is, a rational understanding of a person s situation vs. a feeling of shared emotions. According to V. Suthakaran, PhD, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, this dichotomy mirrors the one found in cognitive experiential self theory. That theory claims that humans rely on two systems to process information: one tapping into logical thought and one relying on personal experience or intuition (Epstein, 1994). Still others say that empathy

Media usage Free Essays

I have attached a copy of my media log for the week of May 14-21, 2007. Over the last week, I spent: 3 hours and 25 minutes online, 90 minutes watching a DVD, 15 hours and 33 minutes watching television, 4 hours and 45 minutes reading, 1 hour and 13 minutes reading magazines, 17 minutes reading the local paper, and 1 hour and 21 minutes using Blackberry.   The log shows a marked preference for foreign media, with the possible exception of my Blackberry and the Toronto Star, which I use to keep up with friends and local events respectively. We will write a custom essay sample on Media usage or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Even though the Internet is used to accomplish everything from communications to entertainment, it is still strange that television places first in my personal â€Å"Most Popular Medium† contest. It is such an old form, first distributed widely in the 1950s.   Yet, I spend more time watching it, than e-mailing, checking on friends at Facebook, or watching news clips on CNN.   Perhaps it retains its popularity because of its versatility.   In Television Culture, we learn that â€Å"social change does occur, and television is a part of this movement†(Fiske, 45).  Ã‚   Because it keeps changing to keep up with the important issues of a particular time, television ensures its relevance and future existence. Up until now, I have not realized how much time I spent watching television—not unusual since many people from all walks of life lament the amount of time people spend on television.   I notice that I haven’t recorded any time listening to the radio, iPod, or a CD.   Maybe music has been pushed into the unconscious or we have come to the point where radio is no longer a medium of note.   With the advent of satellite radio, the mp3 player, podcasting, and Russian sites selling music at a fraction of the price, there would be little reason to maintain a radio, with the possible exception of warning the population if disaster strikes. The newspaper is also becoming more overlooked as people switch to CNN Online and her sister sites.   In order for newspapers to remain competitive, they need to take the focus off of world events and concentrate on covering the local area extensively.   Such close area coverage will never be found on an international news site such as BBC or CNN. While I spend a moderate amount of time on social sites like Facebook, it has not replaced telephone and in-person conversations.   While my weekly telephone/text conversations seem to pale in comparison to my online time, face-to-face interaction is preferred. The second most used medium in this study is the book—one of the earliest mediums for disseminating information in the world.   However, book sales today are the direct result of successful multi-media campaigns.   I’ve started reading The Secret by Rhonda Byrne—an Australian author with the grand ambition to change the world. She proposes to do this by putting together a panel of successful people to educate people about the power of thought; that one can make his dreams come true provided he avoids thinking about what he does not want.   Because more people favor television and Internet sources over books, the writers of The Secret produced a DVD, advertised on the Internet, magazines, and appeared on Oprah.   Because of this successful multi-media campaign, it had reached #1 on Amazon’s bestseller’s list.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Harry Potter Novels and other Law of Attraction clones are taking this approach to boost sales. It is important to keep up with the world at large and Canadian television imports many American shows such as the Oprah Winfrey Show, the Dr. Phil Show, The View, Girlfriends, and The Bachelor. With such wide exposure to American media, it is little wonder why Western Canadian and US culture are so similar. Works Cited Fiske, John. Television Culture. NY: Routledge,1987 How to cite Media usage, Essay examples

Tony Kytes, The Arch

Tony Kytes, The Arch-Deceiver by Thomas Hardy Our Love Now by Martyn Lowery and One Flesh by Elizabeth Jennings Essay Tony Kytes the Arch- Deceiver was written in the 1890s and was set in Dorset. Rural life then was very hard and marriage was extremely important for the woman in Britain because, they needed a husband to support them as it was very difficult to get a decent job that paid a sufficient wage for women in those days. The view I have from the story is that the women preferred a wealthy man with a stern look about them the ratio was three women to one man of this description. The tone of this story is very humorous knowing that there was two women hiding from one in the front seat of the wagon makes it comical. Narration is the most appropriate form for this story because it creates a more realistic theme for the story. We will write a custom essay on Tony Kytes, The Arch-Deceiver by Thomas Hardy Our Love Now by Martyn Lowery and One Flesh by Elizabeth Jennings specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Perhaps the best way of analysing the treatment of the theme of love in Tony Kytes is by examining how Hardy represents his characters and their relationships. Milly Richards is very considerate and loving towards Tony. She portrays this in her first prologue. My dear Tony cries Milly, looking up with a little pout acting as he came near. How long youve been coming home! Just as if I didnt live at Upper Long Puddle at all! And Ive come to meet you as you asked me to do, and ride back with you, and talk over our future home since you asked me This prologue also show that she is quite angry with Tony for being late, as the writer uses exclamation marks to express her frustration, sarcasm is also used to portray her anger. Although this is all going on in this prologue it is still apparent she has strong feeling for Tony. As she says they need to talk about their future. We know that Milly is a considerate person because after all that had happened she still agreed to marry Tony. I believe this was the correct choice that she made because, Hanna and Unity forced themselves onto Tony and he was only trying to please everyone but his heart belonged to Milly from the start. Unity Sallet, a handsome girl, one of the young women hed been very tender towards before hed got engaged to Milly. Unity is a very pushy person who appears to always get what she wants and is also very charming. We know this because as soon as Tony arrives in this wagon she asked him straight away Will you give me a lift home? Then she goes on to say Why did ye desert me for the other one? This shows that she is annoyed that he is engaged to Milly and not her. She is also charming as when he said yes to confirm her ride she gave him a pleasant smile. She is dangerously manipulative as she asks question he finds difficult to refuse. And you never seen anything in me to complain of, have ye, Tony? Now tell the truth to me! I never have, upon my life says Tony. This is part of her plan to convince Tony that she is the one for him. Hanna Jolliver was a little disdainful and smiled off-hand. Hanna is a persuasive person as she uses actions and words to convince Tony she is the one for him. So they sat a little closer and closer feet upon the foot board and their shoulder touching. She makes a few moves with word that follow then Tony reacts and says something that perhaps he shouldnt. .ue7e1ba74bc1489d05a39f7cb65976f02 , .ue7e1ba74bc1489d05a39f7cb65976f02 .postImageUrl , .ue7e1ba74bc1489d05a39f7cb65976f02 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue7e1ba74bc1489d05a39f7cb65976f02 , .ue7e1ba74bc1489d05a39f7cb65976f02:hover , .ue7e1ba74bc1489d05a39f7cb65976f02:visited , .ue7e1ba74bc1489d05a39f7cb65976f02:active { border:0!important; } .ue7e1ba74bc1489d05a39f7cb65976f02 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue7e1ba74bc1489d05a39f7cb65976f02 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue7e1ba74bc1489d05a39f7cb65976f02:active , .ue7e1ba74bc1489d05a39f7cb65976f02:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue7e1ba74bc1489d05a39f7cb65976f02 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue7e1ba74bc1489d05a39f7cb65976f02 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue7e1ba74bc1489d05a39f7cb65976f02 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue7e1ba74bc1489d05a39f7cb65976f02 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue7e1ba74bc1489d05a39f7cb65976f02:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue7e1ba74bc1489d05a39f7cb65976f02 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue7e1ba74bc1489d05a39f7cb65976f02 .ue7e1ba74bc1489d05a39f7cb65976f02-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue7e1ba74bc1489d05a39f7cb65976f02:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Rose, the Universal Symbol of Love EssayI havent quite promised her, and I think I can get out of it, and ask you the question that you speak of. She then discovers all the other women hidden in the back of the wagon. Her father then comes to persuade her to refuse him. Tony Kytes face was described as twas a little, round, firm, tight face, with a seam here and there left by smallpox. He was a serious looking character. Tony is too much of a gentleman he found it difficult to refuse woman and will do anything to make them happy. Saying this he was indeed manipulative spinning each woman a tale in order to spend time with the other. He was not aware of what he wanted until destiny set his path. Mr Kytes knew that the perfect girl for Tony (his son) was one that did not seek anything from him because this one did not set out to manipulate Tony like the others she was genuine. The narrator of Tony Kytes is a cart driver who tells the story to someone who is returning to a local village after a 35 year absence. The reader is therefore placed in the position of the carts passenger. The story becomes funny rather than sad because the narrator had no involvement in the situation. Not being told about the wedding in detail makes the reader imagine how the wedding was and what went on. Tony Kytes ended up with the person whom he was originally intending to marry. In modern times this could be seen as an early stag night or indeed having second thoughts (cold feet). There were two women that were left out of the enjoyment, Unity and Hanna who was deeply hurt by Tony. Our Love Now was written by Martyn Lowery. It is about a mans and womans relationship that has been damaged, the man appears to have betrayed the woman in some way. The attitude of the two characters is different. The man wanted a reconciliation and is begging forgiveness, whilst the woman has no desire for this and accepts that it is over. I said, observe how the wound heals in time, how the skin slowly knits and once more becomes whole. She said, although the wound heals and appears cured, it is not the same. The form of the poem represents a conversation between the man and the woman. The reader is positioned objectively between the man and the woman. In this poem the writer uses alliteration. Observe the scab of the scald. The poem also uses metaphors and pacifying text as exampled by the following respectively. The tree is forever dead The breach in us can be mended The man is in hope that he will persuade the woman to into taking him back and is full of regret for what he has done. Whilst she is determined to stick to her opinion about the love they had. The writer portrays love in this poem as being sad and potentially damaging. One Flesh was written by Elizabeth Jennings. This poem is about the narrators parents and how their love had died (gone cold). The narrator is put across as a small child. The poem uses imagery, Her eyes fixed on the shadows overhead. This gives a picture in the readers mind of a girl looking on the shadows overhead which suggests a troubled childhood. And time itselfs a feather touching them gently. This imagery gives us a realistic theme a real feel for the poem. The mood of the poem is very sad, as a child is going through the break-up of her parents. The similarities between Our Love Now and One Flesh are that both poems are about a love that had died. The differences are that in One Flesh there is a child involved. Also Our Love Now the break-up is because of the fault of the man but in One Flesh no one is to blame the love just died. .u9eb5065a66f0dce273c2cfdd2e1e0c50 , .u9eb5065a66f0dce273c2cfdd2e1e0c50 .postImageUrl , .u9eb5065a66f0dce273c2cfdd2e1e0c50 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9eb5065a66f0dce273c2cfdd2e1e0c50 , .u9eb5065a66f0dce273c2cfdd2e1e0c50:hover , .u9eb5065a66f0dce273c2cfdd2e1e0c50:visited , .u9eb5065a66f0dce273c2cfdd2e1e0c50:active { border:0!important; } .u9eb5065a66f0dce273c2cfdd2e1e0c50 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9eb5065a66f0dce273c2cfdd2e1e0c50 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9eb5065a66f0dce273c2cfdd2e1e0c50:active , .u9eb5065a66f0dce273c2cfdd2e1e0c50:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9eb5065a66f0dce273c2cfdd2e1e0c50 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9eb5065a66f0dce273c2cfdd2e1e0c50 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9eb5065a66f0dce273c2cfdd2e1e0c50 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9eb5065a66f0dce273c2cfdd2e1e0c50 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9eb5065a66f0dce273c2cfdd2e1e0c50:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9eb5065a66f0dce273c2cfdd2e1e0c50 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9eb5065a66f0dce273c2cfdd2e1e0c50 .u9eb5065a66f0dce273c2cfdd2e1e0c50-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9eb5065a66f0dce273c2cfdd2e1e0c50:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Perform poem EssayAfter reading all three texts its obvious they are all three types of what may be categorised as love sagas. The similarity between them all is someone in the texts is getting hurt. For example the narrator of One Flesh as a child, the man and woman in Our Love Now and Unity and Hanna in Tony Kytes. They differ as in the end Tony Kytes finds his true love but in Our Love Now and One Flesh the love is forever dead. As Tony Kytes is told by a narrator who is not involved in the story it becomes comical whereas One Flesh is told by the narrator who is directly involved and this makes the poem more real and have a sombre mood. Then with Our Love Now which has a tense a regretful mood as this is a conversation between two individuals. The love in Tony Kytes is young love and is just beginning and I would not call what Tony did love but pure lust. In Our Love Now and One Flesh the love was a mature one but has come to an end, this is perhaps why it is sad. The idea being portrayed about love is that it is very painful and this is demonstrated in all of the three passages. I conclude that Our Love Now was my favourite text as it used metaphors, alliteration and pacifying speech which I found particularly enjoyable because it stretched my imagination. I believe that the only true love shown in these passages comes from the love shown in One Flesh not from the parent but from the narrator (the child) towards her parents.

Consumer culture case study Essays

Consumer culture case study Essays Consumer culture case study Paper Consumer culture case study Paper Hence the controversy over whether consumption is a sphere of manipulation or freedom. How is magazine publishing part of Consumer Culture Magazine publishing is both a cultural activities and a business. Magazine are vehicles of new idea and sources of entertainment. But the task of bring them into existence and of purveying them to their readers is a commercial one requiring all the resources and skills of the manager and entrepreneur. In this essay I will analyze the teen girls magazines to demonstrate how is magazine publishing part of consumer culture. Magazine is a culture of consumption When a reader is consuming a magazine, she is consuming the culture values, ideas, aspirations and identities provided by it. Girls magazines, such as: Bliss, J-17, Sugar, Cosmo girl, Elle girl, are filled with fashion, beauty, styles, music, celebrities, boys and advice. Some of them also campaign on issues and provide a platform for the teen generation to shout from. Since they are popular mainstream magazines that are available in most newsagents, and therefore arguably represent to the readers what constitutes the modern teenage girl. Through reading a magazine aimed at her demographic group, an adolescent girl will gain an insight into the world of the girls and will be taught what are the cultural expectations made of them as girls, she will therefore come to learn that society expects her to be more concerned with her appearance, her relations with other people, and her ability to win approval from boys than with her own ideas or expectations for herself, so magazines are central to society as they create a culture, a culture of femininity, they defines and shapes the girls world, we can see that it becomes a familiar friend for girls- it advises her, and provides entertainment, amusement and escapism for her and speaks to her in a language she understands. These magazines therefore symbolize a lifestyle, a life of luxury and pleasure. They are not only just a teen magazine, but they also represent a brand name in the teen market. They build up new trends, ideas, lifestyle and attitude, they are the new primary producers in out so called knowledge economy. For example: Sugar magazine was a dazzling success, it launched its own brand extension its own line of clothing a couple of years ago. Magazine is the culture of market society Magazine publishing is aware of the demands of the market, their competition and advertisers. Consumers represent a diverse set of groups, each possessing a distinct lifestyle and a consumption pattern. Therefore, there are different types of magazines in the market targeted for different groups of people, and the articles in these magazines are primarily written with their audience in mind. For example: some teen magazines, like: Mizz, Shout are geared toward pre-teens and early teenagers, aged 10 -14. The content of these magazines is mainly about beauty and celebrities. But other teen magazines, like: Bliss, Sugar, J-17, Cosmo girl, Seventeen, 19, etc. are aimed at 15 19 years old, or at least who think they are as mature as a 15 19 year old. Beside the regular content in every teen girls magazine, these magazines are also laced with much sexual dimorphism, or the definition of particular attitudes, actions, and objects as feminine or masculine. Magazine is, in principal, universal and impersonal Though the Association for Teachers and Lecturers voted to campaign for age restrictions to be placed on teen magazines at their annual conference in April, the UK Government say no to age restrictions on teen magazines. And since there is no age restriction on teen magazines, they can easily be purchased by everyone in nearly every newsagent, most shops and supermarkets. Thus, it is a kind of mass consumption. The more widespread the teen magazines become, the bigger audience they can penetrate and the more people they can bring new ideas to. With more people sharing the values, ideas, aspirations, and identities provided by these teen magazines, they are able to set the norms for the culture. For example: these magazines reflect images of thinness and beauty, and link them to other symbols of happiness, love and success for girls. And the same message is repeated over and over again in the magazines. The repeated exposure to thin bodies and perfect faces eventually sticks and becomes the ideal image of the majority of young girls. Magazine identifies freedom with private choice and private life There are varieties of teen girls magazines in the market, from very girly bubbly Bliss, J-17, Sugar to more elegant Teen Vogue, Elle girl, etc. Both local and imported foreign magazines are also available in newsagents, bookshops, convenient stores, supermarkets, hotel lobby shops, and malls. Since most of us are living in a free world, the free market permits individuals to make choices for themselves, and prohibits them from forcing those choices onto others. Therefore, people from almost everywhere around the world can choose to consume these teen girls magazines according to their preferences. Consumer needs are in principle unlimited and insatiable Since there are many different teen girls magazines available in the market, readers are spoiled for choices. Thus, readers may easily shift from one magazine to another magazine. In order to maintain the sales and to increase the demand, advertising, marketing and promotion are widely used among these teen magazines. For examples: Bliss, Sugar, J-17 magazines have all put advertisements on some other teenage pop magazines, offered subscription discounts and free gifts to their readers. With more advertisements and promotion sales, these magazines can increase their competitive power and attract their potential readers. Magazine is the privileged medium for negotiating identity and status within a post-traditional society If you break down a typical teen magazine, you will notice that is almost fifty percent advertisements. Advertisements seen in those teen magazines, and the imagery such advertising campaigns put forward can also be seen in influence a young person constructing their identity. Through the visual codes of these advertisements, they work to signify a particular set of cultural values and meanings. This can be anything from the latest labeled trainers to buy to which mobile phone is the smallest and therefore most popular to which beauty treatment to use. The list is endless. Sometimes these advertisements evince the excesses of materialism. A great many young girls would look as these advertisements as a source of inspiration as to what to have and would think that they were inadequate to some extent if they could not have those cool images or products, therefore advertising screams the values of popular culture today, and every young girl reading teen magazines wants to look like the images portrayed throughout the magazine. For example: the present Love Kylie lingerie advertisement or the Maybelline make-up advertisements found in Bliss and other teen magazine, these advertisements promise to transform the girls appearances into something that they have always dreamed of. Girls look up to the images they see day after day, and the familiar thin, flawless figure becomes a role model. These advertisements are designed to encourage girls to use make up and to diet, and advertisers make this image acceptable. Magazine represents the increasing importance of culture in the modern exercises of power A decade ago teen magazines focused on just makeup tips and fashion. However, in 1988, the launch of Sassy, (it had a new, different, cool, and straight forward approach. It took a more modern tone in fashion and issues. The main issue being, you guessed it, sex. ) has been attributed as the cause for this sexier content. The trend has continued with the recent introductions of Bliss, Sugar, Cosmo girl and Teen Vogue, etc. Teen magazines nowadays are filled with images of sex and sexuality as well as information about sexual health. Now you can open up any teen  magazine and notice the sexual influences. They not only appear in the articles, whose subjects can range from what sex is like, unwed pregnancy, abortion, or how to be sexy, but also in the advertisements placed throughout the magazines. Since teenagers are curious about sex and these magazines seem to be the only way for them to obtain information about it. Therefore, many teen magazines have increased the amount of space focused on sexual-related issues in order to follow what thei  magazines in recent years, it marks a new moment in the construction of female sexual identities. Conclusion According to Slater, consumer culture is a culture of consumption, consumer culture is a culture of a market society, consumer culture is, in principle, universal and impersonal, consumer culture identifies freedom with private choice and private life, consumer needs are in principle unlimited and insatiable, consumer culture is the privileged medium for negotiating identity and status within a post-traditional society and consume culture represents the increasing importance of culture in the modern exercise of power. From the above analysis, magazine publishing can fit into Slaters descriptions of consumer culture.Therefore, magazine publishing is part of consumer culture. References Readings: 1. Featherstone, M. Consumer Culture and Postmodernism (Sage, 1991) 2. Martyn J. Lee. Consumer Culture Reborn (Routledge, 1993) 3. Slater, D. Consumer Culture and Modernity (Polity, 1997) 4. McCracken, E. Decoding Womens Magazines (Macmillan, 1993) 5. Grant John The New Marketing Manifesto (Texere, 1999) 6. Bourdieu, Pierre The Field of Cultural Production (Polity, 1993) 7. Bocock, R. Consumption (Routledge, 1993) Websites: 1. Researching consumer culture http://homepages. gold. ac. uk/slater/consumer/ 2. Article about teen magazine from ABC7Chicago. com http://abclocal. go. com/wls/news/connectwithkids/082904_cwk_magazines. html 3. Cause of advertising cwrl. utexas. edu/~onderdonk/306fall02/teen/causesofadvertising. html 4. Periodicals Publishers Association ppa. co. uk/cgi-bin/go. pl/legal/article. html? uid=1355topic_uid=82 5. Sociology of Consumption http://uk. geocities. com/balihar_sanghera/contheories. html.

List of Platinum Group Metals or PGMs

List of Platinum Group Metals or PGMs The platinum group metals or PGMs are a set of six transition metals that share similar properties. They may be considered a subset of the precious metals. The platinum group metals are clustered together on the periodic table, plus these metals tend to be found together in minerals. The list of PGMs is: Iridium  (Ir)Osmium  (Os)Palladium  (Pd)Platinum  (Pt)Rhodium  (Rh)Ruthenium  (Ru) Alternate Names: The platinum group metals are also known as: PGMs, platinum group, platinum metals, platinoids, platinum group elements or PGEs, platinides, platidises, platinum family Key Takeaways: Platinum Group Metals The platinum group metals or PGMs are a set of six precious metals that are clustered together on the periodic table around the element platinum.The elements share certain desirable properties with platinum. All are noble metals and transition metals in the d-block of the periodic table.The platinum group metals are widely used as catalysts, corrosion-resistant materials, and fine jewelry. Properties of the Platinum Group Metals The six PGMs share similar properties, including: Extremely high density (densest element is a PGM)Highly resistant to wear or tarnishResist corrosion or chemical attackCatalytic propertiesStable electrical propertiesStable at high temperatures Uses of PGMs Several of the platinum group metals are used in jewelry. In particular, platinum, rhodium, and iridium are popular. Because of the price of these metals, they are often used as coatings over softer, more reactive metals, such as silver.PGMs are important catalysts. Platinum catalysts are important in the petrochemical industry. Platinum or platinum-rhodium alloy are used to catalyze partial oxidation of ammonia to produce nitric oxide, an important raw material in chemical production. PGMS are also used as catalysts for organic chemical reactions. The automotive industry uses platinum, palladium, and rhodium in catalytic converters to treat exhaust emissions.Platinum group metals are used as alloying additives.PGMs may be used to make crucibles used to grow single crystals, particularly of oxides.Platinum group metal alloys are used to make electrical contacts, electrodes, thermocouples, and circuits.Iridium and platinum are used in medical implants and pacemakers. Sources of Platinum Group Metals Platinum gets its name from platina, meaning little silver, because the Spaniards considered it an unwanted impurity in silver mining operations in Colombia. For the most part, PGMs are found together in ores. Ultramafic and mafic igneous rocks contain high levels of platinum group metals, the granites contain a low percentage of the metals. The richest deposits include mafic layered intrusions, such as Bushveld Complex. Platinum metals are found in the Ural Mountains, North and South America, Ontario, and other places. Platinum metals are also produced as a by-product of nickel mining and processing. Additionally, the light platinum group metals (ruthenium, rhodium, palladium) form as fission products in nuclear reactors. Extraction Platinum metal extraction processes are typically trade secrets. First, the sample is dissolved in acid. Aqua regia is most often used for this purpose. This produces a solution of metal complexes. Basically, isolation uses the different solubilities and reactivities of the different elements in various solvents. While recovering noble metals from reactors is expensive, the escalating price of the metals has made spent nuclear fuel a viable source of the elements. History Platinum and its alloys occur in native form and were known by pre-Columbian Americans. Despite its early use, platinum does not appear in literature until the 16th century. In 1557, Italian Julius Caesar Scalinger wrote of a mysterious metal found in Central America that was unknown to Europeans. Fun Fact Iron, nickel, and cobalt are three transition metals located above the platinum group metals on the periodic table. They are the only transition metals that are ferromagnetic! Sources Kolarik, Zdenek; Renard, Edouard V. (2005). Potential Applications of Fission Platinoids in Industry. Platinum Metals Review. 49 (2): 79. doi:10.1595/147106705X35263Renner, H.; Schlamp, G.; Kleinwchter, I.; Drost, E.; Là ¼schow, H. M.; Tews, P.; Panster, P.; Diehl, M.; et al. (2002). Platinum group metals and compounds. Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley. doi:10.1002/14356007.a21_075Weeks, M. E. (1968). Discovery of the Elements (7 ed.). Journal of Chemical Education. pp. 385–407. ISBN 0-8486-8579-2.Woods, Ian (2004). The Elements: Platinum. Benchmark Books. ISBN 978-0-7614-1550-3.Xiao, Z.; Laplante, A. R. (2004). Characterizing and recovering the platinum group minerals- a review. Minerals Engineering. 17 (9–10): 961–979. doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2004.04.001

Cathedral by Raymond Carver Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Cathedral by Raymond Carver - Essay Example Narrator seems uncomfortable and disturbed with Robert because he is blind. He feels that he is superior compared with the blind man. The narrator’s opinion and attitude towards blind man is largely contributed by his perception of blind men from movies. He feels that it is strange for Robert not to wear dark glasses yet his eyes looked weird. Narrator is so much disturbed by the fact that Robert cannot perfectly use his eyes to see instead of concentrating on the Robert’s understanding and ability to clearly think and feel things deeply (Carver 186-190). 2. The narrator is unable to describe cathedral perhaps because he is not religious and therefore cathedrals are meaningless to him. Inability to describe cathedral shows that the narrator lacks insight and self-awareness thus leading him to a journey to self-realization as he realizes the limitations of his outlook. Although the narrator can literally see things, he does not pay much attention to what he does with his eyes. He does not understand what being blind entails particularly due to the fact that Robert understands what cathedral looks like even without visual knowledge. 3. The blind man tells the writer to close his eyes while closing his eyes so that he can deeply understand and concentrate what he is doing by having a true sight with the real meaning lying within vision. Robert hopes to teach the narrator a way of looking inward to gain deeper understanding of himself and to see excellent reality. He realizes the depth in genuineness that disturbs the narrator by quietly listening to him while he struggles to describe cathedral. The narrator seems to enjoy the experience of closing his eyes while drawing cathedral. The newfound knowledge and understanding makes him believe that the experience was a very important aspect in his journey to self-realization. Narrator feels that his inner eyes that are based on his mind but not literal

Discuss an economics-, business- ,or finance-related book you have Essay

Discuss an economics-, business- ,or finance-related book you have read all the way through and its influence on your thinking - Essay Example This information is vital as it expands on the investment knowledge that I learnt in class. Apart from sharing the financial information with the three young people, Roy, the main character offers financial advices to his customers at the barber shop. Roy had a plan of becoming a lawyer when he was growing up, but he later changed his mind. He takes over the barber shop that belongs to his father and begins running it well after a visit to Mr. White, who was one of the wealthiest individuals in the town. The financial advice he gets from Mr. White opens up the way for the accumulation of wealth. After reading the book, I realized that I don’t need a lot of money before I can begin investing. Saving and investing ten percent of my monthly income for a long term can enable me to accumulate a lot of money (Chilton, 8). I was able to understand that it is better to pay off non-tax deductible debts rather using the same amount of money in other investments. The best investment begins with paying off loans and other debts. An individual should start paying off loans that have high-interest rates. I have realized that in order to be wealthy, I have to ensure that my money works for me. These is because, my salary is quite smaller compared to less amount of money invested over time. In order to keep track of finances, an individual needs to write down all the expenditure in a month. I was able to understand that the financial assessment can help identify areas of wastage and thus plan for the money effectively in future (Chilton, 10). Additionally, the book offers knowledge on how to save more tax money. Most people require assistance from a tax expert or an accountant so as to able to identify how to save on tax. Even though, the experts can be of help in offering advice, it is important for a people to fill the 1040 long forms by themselves so as to